Software Development Lifecycle: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:40, 6 July 2025

Software Development Lifecycle is a systematic process used to develop software applications, encompassing phases from initial planning to deployment and maintenance. It serves as a framework for managing the complexities of software development, ensuring quality, efficiency, and the successful delivery of software products. The lifecycle is typically divided into distinct stages that outline specific goals, deliverables, and activities necessary to complete a software project.

Phases of the Software Development Lifecycle

The Software Development Lifecycle consists of several phases that guide the project from conception to completion. The most commonly recognized models include the Waterfall model, Agile methodologies, and the Spiral model. Each model presents a slightly different approach, emphasizing various aspects of the lifecycle.

Planning

The planning phase is crucial as it lays the groundwork for the entire project. During this phase, stakeholders, including project managers, developers, and clients, discuss the project's goals, scope, resources, risks, and timelines. The outcomes of this phase include a project charter, a feasibility study, and a detailed project plan that defines the objectives and aligns the expectations of all parties involved.

Requirements Analysis

Following planning, the requirements analysis phase involves gathering and defining the functionality that the software must deliver. This phase serves to understand user needs and system requirements through various techniques, including interviews, surveys, and workshops. The result is a requirements specification document that translates stakeholders' needs into clear, actionable requirements. This documentation serves as a foundation for subsequent phases, ensuring that the software aligns with users' expectations.

Design

The design phase involves creating the architecture and interface of the software system. This phase can be broken down into high-level design (HLD) and low-level design (LLD). HLD focuses on the overall system architecture, including the system's components and their interactions, while LLD focuses on individual components' implementation details. Design documentation, including system architecture diagrams, data models, and interface designs, emerges from this phase.

Implementation

Implementation, or coding, is where the actual software is developed. Developers use programming languages, development environments, and software tools to construct the software according to the specifications defined in the previous phases. This stage requires adherence to coding standards and practices to facilitate maintainability and scalability. Quality assurance processes, such as code reviews and unit testing, are crucial during implementation to identify defects early.

Testing

Testing is a critical phase that aims to identify and rectify defects in the software before its release. Various testing types—such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing—are employed to verify that the software behaves as expected. This phase ensures that the software is reliable, performs adequately, and meets the requirements set forth during the analysis phase. Comprehensive testing practices lead to a higher quality product, enhancing user satisfaction.

Deployment

Deployment involves delivering the software to users and making it operational. This phase can include installation, configuration, and data migration, depending on the system's nature. The deployment strategy may vary from direct deployment to staged or roll-out strategies that mitigate risks associated with software failures. Following deployment, user training and support are often provided to facilitate a smooth transition.

Maintenance

The maintenance phase encompasses post-deployment activities, including software updates, bug fixes, and performance enhancements. As users interact with the software, they may encounter issues or request additional features that necessitate ongoing development. This phase is critical for ensuring the software remains relevant and efficient throughout its operational lifetime.

Software Development Models

Several models exist within the Software Development Lifecycle, each offering unique advantages and focusing on different aspects of development. Understanding these models helps teams choose the right approach based on project requirements, timelines, and resources.

Waterfall Model

The Waterfall model is one of the earliest and most traditional approaches to software development. It follows a linear progression through the phases of the lifecycle, where each phase must be completed before the next begins. While it offers clear structure and documentation, its rigidity can pose challenges in adapting to changes in requirements.

Agile Methodologies

Agile methodologies encompass various approaches, such as Scrum and Kanban, that prioritize flexibility and iterative progress. Agile emphasizes collaboration between cross-functional teams and adaptive planning, enabling teams to respond quickly to changes. Agile promotes continuous integration, frequent releases, and stakeholder feedback throughout the development process.

Spiral Model

The Spiral model combines elements of both the Waterfall model and iterative development. It introduces risk assessment and iterative refinement into the development process, allowing for multiple cycles of planning, risk analysis, engineering, testing, and evaluation. This model is particularly effective for large projects with high levels of uncertainty, enabling teams to make informed decisions at every stage.

Real-world Applications

Understanding the Software Development Lifecycle in practice is essential for recognizing its impact on various industries and sectors. Software development processes are applied across diverse fields, from enterprise applications to consumer products, each adapting the lifecycle according to their specific conditions and constraints.

Enterprise Applications

Large organizations often create complex software solutions to address diverse operational needs. The Software Development Lifecycle provides a structured approach to managing these projects, ensuring that requirements are met and systems are robust. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, customer relationship management (CRM) software, and supply chain management systems typically follow a structured approach guided by the lifecycle.

Consumer Software

Consumer software development spans mobile applications, desktop applications, and web-based applications. Agile methodologies are prevalent in this realm, accommodating rapid development cycles and user feedback. In this context, the Software Development Lifecycle allows developers to continuously improve their products based on user interactions and market trends.

Government and Defense Applications

Government and defense projects frequently involve stringent requirements and considerable oversight. These projects often require comprehensive documentation and regulatory compliance, making a structured Software Development Lifecycle essential. Adopting both Waterfall and Agile elements, these projects can efficiently address technical challenges while satisfying statutory obligations.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite its benefits, the Software Development Lifecycle faces several challenges and limitations. Understanding these issues helps organizations refine their approaches and enhance software development outcomes.

Changing Requirements

A significant challenge in software development is the potential for changing requirements. When stakeholders alter their needs mid-project, it can disrupt the planned phases, leading to increased costs and delayed timelines. Agile methodologies address this challenge with iterative cycles, but teams must remain vigilant about scope creep and its implications on project success.

Communication Barriers

Effective communication is fundamental to any software development effort. Miscommunication or lack of clarity between team members, stakeholders, and clients can result in misunderstandings, leading to unsuitable features or system failures. Establishing clear channels of communication and utilizing collaborative tools are critical to mitigating this risk.

Resource Constraints

Resource constraints, including budget limitations, personnel shortages, and time restrictions, can hinder the software development process. Teams may need to prioritize features based on available resources, leading to compromises on quality or functionality. Strategic resource management is vital to balancing priorities and achieving project goals.

Technological Challenges

Rapid technological advancement poses additional challenges to the Software Development Lifecycle. New programming languages, frameworks, and tools emerge continuously, requiring teams to adapt quickly to remain competitive. Moreover, teams must consider factors such as interoperability, security, and performance in their development efforts.

Future Trends

The Software Development Lifecycle is constantly evolving to meet the needs of a dynamic technological landscape. As software becomes more integral to daily life and business operations, several trends are influencing its development processes.

DevOps Integration

The integration of DevOps practices into the Software Development Lifecycle is reshaping how teams approach software development and operations. DevOps emphasizes collaboration, automation, and continuous delivery, bridging the gap between development and IT operations. This evolution enhances efficiency, promotes quality, and accelerates the delivery of software products.

Artificial Intelligence and Automation

Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation tools are increasingly incorporated into the Software Development Lifecycle. AI-powered tools can assist in code generation, bug detection, and performance optimization, alleviating some manual workloads. Automated testing solutions streamline the quality assurance phase, significantly reducing the time and effort needed to ensure software reliability.

Increased Focus on Security

With the rise of cyber threats, security has become a paramount concern in the Software Development Lifecycle. Incorporating security practices early in the development process, known as DevSecOps, enables teams to identify and address security vulnerabilities proactively. This shift towards a security-centric approach ensures that software is built with resilience in mind.

References

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-'''Software Development Lifecycle''' is a structured process that outlines the stages involved in developing software applications. It is a fundamental practice in software engineering that encompasses various phases, each with specific objectives and deliverables. The lifecycle brings clarity and organization to software development, ensuring that products are built to meet users' needs while adhering to timelines and budgets. The Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) provides a framework that helps teams define, plan, execute, and manage the development of software projects, leading to higher quality outcomes and more efficient workflows.
+'''Software Development Lifecycle''' is a systematic process used to develop software applications, encompassing phases from initial planning to deployment and maintenance. It serves as a framework for managing the complexities of software development, ensuring quality, efficiency, and the successful delivery of software products. The lifecycle is typically divided into distinct stages that outline specific goals, deliverables, and activities necessary to complete a software project.
-== History of Software Development Lifecycle ==
-The concept of the Software Development Lifecycle traces its origins to the early days of software engineering in the 1960s and 1970s when developers began recognizing the complexities involved in software creation. Initially, software was written in a more ad hoc manner; however, as systems grew larger and more complex, the need for a more formalized approach became apparent. During this time, key methodologies began to emerge.
-=== Waterfall Model ===
-One of the earliest SDLC models is the Waterfall model, developed in the 1970s. This linear approach divides the software development process into distinct phases: requirement analysis, system design, implementation, integration and testing, deployment, and maintenance. Each phase is completed sequentially, meaning that one must finish before moving onto the next. The Waterfall model was praised for its simplicity and ease of understanding, but it faced criticism for its rigidity, particularly in accommodating changes once a phase was completed.
-=== Agile Methodology ===
-In response to the limitations of the Waterfall model, the Agile methodology was introduced in the early 2000s, emphasizing flexibility and customer collaboration. Agile promotes iterative development, where software is built in small, incremental releases. This allows for rapid adjustment to changing requirements and ongoing feedback from stakeholders, ultimately delivering a product that better aligns with user needs. Agile has since evolved into various frameworks such as Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming (XP), each with distinct practices and guiding principles.
-=== Evolution of SDLC Models ===
-Over the years, numerous other models and methodologies have emerged, including the Spiral model, DevOps practices, and Lean development. Each of these models addresses specific challenges observed in software engineering, contributing to the diversification of approaches within the SDLC framework. The emergence of cloud computing, microservices, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) has also influenced how software is developed and maintained, further complicating the landscape of the Software Development Lifecycle.
 == Phases of the Software Development Lifecycle ==
+The Software Development Lifecycle consists of several phases that guide the project from conception to completion. The most commonly recognized models include the Waterfall model, Agile methodologies, and the Spiral model. Each model presents a slightly different approach, emphasizing various aspects of the lifecycle.
-The traditional Software Development Lifecycle consists of several key phases that are crucial to a successful software project. While different methodologies may vary in their approaches, the following phases are commonly recognized:
+=== Planning ===
+The planning phase is crucial as it lays the groundwork for the entire project. During this phase, stakeholders, including project managers, developers, and clients, discuss the project's goals, scope, resources, risks, and timelines. The outcomes of this phase include a project charter, a feasibility study, and a detailed project plan that defines the objectives and aligns the expectations of all parties involved.
-=== Requirement Analysis ===
-The SDLC begins with requirement analysis, where stakeholders and users define and document their expectations and needs for the software application. This phase is critical as it sets the foundation for all subsequent phases. Gathering requirements involves working closely with users to understand their objectives, constraints, and processes. Techniques such as interviews, surveys, and workshops may be employed to capture these requirements accurately. The outcome of this phase is typically a comprehensive requirement specification document that serves as a reference throughout the development process.
-=== System Design ===
+=== Requirements Analysis ===
+Following planning, the requirements analysis phase involves gathering and defining the functionality that the software must deliver. This phase serves to understand user needs and system requirements through various techniques, including interviews, surveys, and workshops. The result is a requirements specification document that translates stakeholders' needs into clear, actionable requirements. This documentation serves as a foundation for subsequent phases, ensuring that the software aligns with users' expectations.
-Following the requirement analysis, the system design phase focuses on translating the requirements into a blueprint for construction. This phase considers both high-level architecture and detailed specifications, addressing how the various components of the software will interact. Design documentation includes diagrams and prototypes, specifying functionality, interfaces, data models, and user experiences. Effective design is essential for the software's performance, security, and usability.
+=== Design ===
+The design phase involves creating the architecture and interface of the software system. This phase can be broken down into high-level design (HLD) and low-level design (LLD). HLD focuses on the overall system architecture, including the system's components and their interactions, while LLD focuses on individual components' implementation details. Design documentation, including system architecture diagrams, data models, and interface designs, emerges from this phase.
 === Implementation ===
+Implementation, or coding, is where the actual software is developed. Developers use programming languages, development environments, and software tools to construct the software according to the specifications defined in the previous phases. This stage requires adherence to coding standards and practices to facilitate maintainability and scalability. Quality assurance processes, such as code reviews and unit testing, are crucial during implementation to identify defects early.
-The implementation phase involves writing the actual code based on the design specifications. Developers translate design elements into a functioning software product using various programming languages, frameworks, and tools. This phase often includes version control systems to manage code changes, as well as unit testing to verify that individual components are working correctly as they are developed. Collaborating in teams usually requires robust communication practices to ensure that the development effort remains aligned with the project goals.
 === Testing ===
+Testing is a critical phase that aims to identify and rectify defects in the software before its release. Various testing types—such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing—are employed to verify that the software behaves as expected. This phase ensures that the software is reliable, performs adequately, and meets the requirements set forth during the analysis phase. Comprehensive testing practices lead to a higher quality product, enhancing user satisfaction.
-Once the software is implemented, extensive testing is conducted to identify defects and ensure that the software meets its intended requirements. Testing can take several forms, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Each level of testing focuses on different aspects of the software, helping to verify that it functions correctly under various conditions. This phase is vital for reducing the risk of failures in production and enhancing overall software reliability.
 === Deployment ===
+Deployment involves delivering the software to users and making it operational. This phase can include installation, configuration, and data migration, depending on the system's nature. The deployment strategy may vary from direct deployment to staged or roll-out strategies that mitigate risks associated with software failures. Following deployment, user training and support are often provided to facilitate a smooth transition.
-After thorough testing, the software is ready for deployment, which involves making it available for use by end-users. This phase encompasses activities related to configuring the production environment, installing the software, and conducting final acceptance tests. Deployment can take place in various environments, such as on-premises servers or cloud platforms. Depending on the release strategy, deployment may occur all at once (big bang) or gradually through phased rollouts. Continuous deployment methodologies might also be employed, where new features or fixes are delivered to users continuously.
 === Maintenance ===
+The maintenance phase encompasses post-deployment activities, including software updates, bug fixes, and performance enhancements. As users interact with the software, they may encounter issues or request additional features that necessitate ongoing development. This phase is critical for ensuring the software remains relevant and efficient throughout its operational lifetime.
-The final phase of the SDLC is maintenance, which involves managing and resolving issues that arise post-deployment. This phase supports the software's longevity and relevance as user needs and technologies evolve. Maintenance activities may include bug fixes, performance enhancements, and adding new features based on user feedback. Regular updates and attentive maintenance can significantly extend the lifecycle and usability of the software application.
+== Software Development Models ==
+Several models exist within the Software Development Lifecycle, each offering unique advantages and focusing on different aspects of development. Understanding these models helps teams choose the right approach based on project requirements, timelines, and resources.
-== Methodologies Used in Software Development Lifecycle ==
+=== Waterfall Model ===
+The Waterfall model is one of the earliest and most traditional approaches to software development. It follows a linear progression through the phases of the lifecycle, where each phase must be completed before the next begins. While it offers clear structure and documentation, its rigidity can pose challenges in adapting to changes in requirements.
-As the Software Development Lifecycle has matured, various methodologies have emerged, each offering unique approaches to software development.
-=== Agile Frameworks ===
+=== Agile Methodologies ===
+Agile methodologies encompass various approaches, such as Scrum and Kanban, that prioritize flexibility and iterative progress. Agile emphasizes collaboration between cross-functional teams and adaptive planning, enabling teams to respond quickly to changes. Agile promotes continuous integration, frequent releases, and stakeholder feedback throughout the development process.
-Agile frameworks, such as Scrum, focus on iterative development and engagement with stakeholders through regular feedback loops. Scrum divides the development process into sprints, which typically last two to four weeks, allowing teams to deliver functional increments of software quickly.
-=== Waterfall Methodology ===
-The Waterfall methodology is linear and structured, emphasizing thorough documentation and a sequential approach to project phases. It is particularly suited for projects with well-established requirements and minimal anticipated changes.
-=== DevOps Practices ===
-DevOps practices integrate development and operations teams, promoting collaboration and automation throughout the SDLC. This agile approach enables faster delivery of software updates while ensuring stability and performance through continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.
 === Spiral Model ===
+The Spiral model combines elements of both the Waterfall model and iterative development. It introduces risk assessment and iterative refinement into the development process, allowing for multiple cycles of planning, risk analysis, engineering, testing, and evaluation. This model is particularly effective for large projects with high levels of uncertainty, enabling teams to make informed decisions at every stage.
-The Spiral model combines elements of iterative development with systematic risk assessment. It emphasizes thorough planning and prototyping at the beginning of each phase to assess risks and mitigate challenges effectively.
+== Real-world Applications ==
+Understanding the Software Development Lifecycle in practice is essential for recognizing its impact on various industries and sectors. Software development processes are applied across diverse fields, from enterprise applications to consumer products, each adapting the lifecycle according to their specific conditions and constraints.
-== Benefits of a Structured Software Development Lifecycle ==
-The implementation of a well-defined Software Development Lifecycle bring multiple benefits to organizations engaged in software development.
-=== Improved Project Management ===
-A structured SDLC promotes more effective project management by providing clear visibility into project status and progress. By breaking down the process into distinct phases, stakeholders can track deliverables, timelines, and resources, allowing for improved planning and decision-making.
-=== Enhanced Quality Assurance ===
-Integrating testing throughout the various phases of the SDLC leads to higher-quality outcomes. Early identification of defects and issues minimizes the risk of significant problems arising during production. Continuous testing and feedback channels enhance product quality and user satisfaction.
-=== Cost-Effectiveness ===
-Although implementing a structured SDLC may entail upfront costs in documentation and planning, the long-term benefits, including reduced development errors and increased predictability, often lead to overall cost savings. Maintaining rigorous processes reduces costly rework due to misunderstood requirements or testing oversights.
-=== Increased User Satisfaction ===
-A methodical approach to software development pays dividends in user satisfaction. By engaging users throughout the SDLC and responding to their feedback, teams can deliver more reliable and user-friendly software applications that meet defined requirements, enhancing user experience and loyalty.
-== Challenges and Limitations of Software Development Lifecycle ==
-Despite the advantages offered by a structured Software Development Lifecycle, challenges and limitations can arise during the development process.
-=== Resistance to Change ===
-Adopting a new SDLC model or methodology can face resistance from team members accustomed to existing processes. Overcoming this inertia requires strong leadership and training to ensure that staff understand the benefits of the new approaches and are ultimately on board with changes.
-=== Complexity of Requirements ===
-In some projects, gathering requirements adequately can be challenging due to ambiguous or conflicting stakeholder inputs. In such cases, misunderstandings can lead to significant scope creep, where the project's requirements expand beyond its original goals, necessitating additional time and resources.
-=== Evolving Technologies ===
-The rapid pace of technological advancement presents a challenge to maintaining relevance in software development practices. As new technologies and frameworks continuously emerge, teams must adapt their methodologies and tools to keep pace, often requiring ongoing education and investment in training.
-=== Tight Deadlines ===
+=== Enterprise Applications ===
+Large organizations often create complex software solutions to address diverse operational needs. The Software Development Lifecycle provides a structured approach to managing these projects, ensuring that requirements are met and systems are robust. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, customer relationship management (CRM) software, and supply chain management systems typically follow a structured approach guided by the lifecycle.
-Development projects frequently operate under tight deadlines, which can pressure teams to rush through phases of the SDLC. This urgency may lead to incomplete documentation, inadequate testing, and ultimately poor quality of the final product. Balancing time constraints with the need for thoroughness is crucial to a successful outcome.
+=== Consumer Software ===
+Consumer software development spans mobile applications, desktop applications, and web-based applications. Agile methodologies are prevalent in this realm, accommodating rapid development cycles and user feedback. In this context, the Software Development Lifecycle allows developers to continuously improve their products based on user interactions and market trends.
-== Real-World Examples of Software Development Lifecycle Implementations ==
+=== Government and Defense Applications ===
+Government and defense projects frequently involve stringent requirements and considerable oversight. These projects often require comprehensive documentation and regulatory compliance, making a structured Software Development Lifecycle essential. Adopting both Waterfall and Agile elements, these projects can efficiently address technical challenges while satisfying statutory obligations.
-Numerous organizations have successfully adopted and adapted the software development lifecycle to enhance their software development practices.
+== Challenges and Limitations ==
+Despite its benefits, the Software Development Lifecycle faces several challenges and limitations. Understanding these issues helps organizations refine their approaches and enhance software development outcomes.
-=== NASA's Software Development Lifecycle ===
+=== Changing Requirements ===
+A significant challenge in software development is the potential for changing requirements. When stakeholders alter their needs mid-project, it can disrupt the planned phases, leading to increased costs and delayed timelines. Agile methodologies address this challenge with iterative cycles, but teams must remain vigilant about scope creep and its implications on project success.
-NASA, with its complex and high-stakes projects, showcases how the agency employs rigor and detailed SDLC practices to ensure software reliability and safety. Particularly in projects related to space missions, NASA follows a well-defined SDLC that prioritizes stringent testing protocols and compliance with industry standards to minimize risks.
+=== Communication Barriers ===
+Effective communication is fundamental to any software development effort. Miscommunication or lack of clarity between team members, stakeholders, and clients can result in misunderstandings, leading to unsuitable features or system failures. Establishing clear channels of communication and utilizing collaborative tools are critical to mitigating this risk.
-=== Microsoft and Agile Practices ===
+=== Resource Constraints ===
+Resource constraints, including budget limitations, personnel shortages, and time restrictions, can hinder the software development process. Teams may need to prioritize features based on available resources, leading to compromises on quality or functionality. Strategic resource management is vital to balancing priorities and achieving project goals.
-Microsoft has adopted Agile practices, specifically Scrum, for many teams working on their software products. The iterative nature of Agile allows teams to be more responsive to customer feedback and emerging trends while delivering updates more frequently, thus improving user satisfaction and engagement.
+=== Technological Challenges ===
+Rapid technological advancement poses additional challenges to the Software Development Lifecycle. New programming languages, frameworks, and tools emerge continuously, requiring teams to adapt quickly to remain competitive. Moreover, teams must consider factors such as interoperability, security, and performance in their development efforts.
-=== Spotify's Development Model ===
+== Future Trends ==
+The Software Development Lifecycle is constantly evolving to meet the needs of a dynamic technological landscape. As software becomes more integral to daily life and business operations, several trends are influencing its development processes.
-Spotify is notable for implementing a unique development model that combines Agile methodologies with a focus on team autonomy and alignment. By organizing development into squads, tribes, and guilds, Spotify fosters innovation while relying on the foundational principles of the software development lifecycle to guide project execution.
+=== DevOps Integration ===
+The integration of DevOps practices into the Software Development Lifecycle is reshaping how teams approach software development and operations. DevOps emphasizes collaboration, automation, and continuous delivery, bridging the gap between development and IT operations. This evolution enhances efficiency, promotes quality, and accelerates the delivery of software products.
-== Conclusion ==
+=== Artificial Intelligence and Automation ===
+Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation tools are increasingly incorporated into the Software Development Lifecycle. AI-powered tools can assist in code generation, bug detection, and performance optimization, alleviating some manual workloads. Automated testing solutions streamline the quality assurance phase, significantly reducing the time and effort needed to ensure software reliability.
-The Software Development Lifecycle plays a pivotal role in defining modern software engineering practices. By providing a structured framework to manage the various stages of software development, organizations can effectively deliver high-quality software projects. Despite the challenges and limitations associated with the SDLC, its methodologies and processes continue to evolve, accommodating new technologies and enabling teams to meet user demands efficiently and effectively.
+=== Increased Focus on Security ===
+With the rise of cyber threats, security has become a paramount concern in the Software Development Lifecycle. Incorporating security practices early in the development process, known as DevSecOps, enables teams to identify and address security vulnerabilities proactively. This shift towards a security-centric approach ensures that software is built with resilience in mind.
 == See also ==
 * [[Software engineering]]
 * [[Agile software development]]
-* [[Waterfall model]]
 * [[DevOps]]
-* [[Continuous Integration]]
+* [[Software testing]]
 == References ==
-* [https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/software-development-lifecycle So, what is the Software Development Life Cycle? — IBM Cloud]
+* [https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/software-development-lifecycle IBM - Software Development Lifecycle Overview]
-* [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/index.htm Software Development Life Cycle — TutorialsPoint]
+* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/devdiv/ Microsoft - Software Development Lifecycle Best Practices]
-* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/products/devops/what-is-devops Microsoft Education: What is DevOps?]
+* [https://www.atlassian.com/software-development/software-development-lifecycle Atlassian - A Beginner's Guide to the Software Development Lifecycle]
-* [https://www.atlassian.com/software-development/software-development-lifecycle Atlassian: What is the Software Development Lifecycle?]
-* [https://www.cio.com/article/304640/software-development-lifecycle-basics.html CIO Reference: Software Development Lifecycle Basics]
 [[Category:Software engineering]]
+[[Category:Project management]]
 [[Category:Software development]]
-[[Category:Information technology]]